5.7 Installation of Ubuntu

Posted Feb 16, 2026 Updated Mar 2, 2026

By So Hee Park 16 min read

✅ Installation on RM

✅ Installation on VM

☑️ Suggestion 1
Internal harddisk in order to avoid slow reading/writing access to USB
☑️ Suggestion 2
The iso for the Ubuntu in the VM
should be inside the downloads folder(internal disk) ⭕️
never install iso from the external disk ❌
if you put iso from the USB, it will take a long time

✅ Incidents that can happen while installing Ubuntu on VM

😱 Incident: does not install
If ubuntu does not install
disable the SVGA
or disable the 3D
in order to weaken the VM

😱 Incident: the screen is frozen
⭐️ Invalid settings: sometimes it is needed
when after installing linux, the screen stays frozen
deactivate 3D and SVGA

❓ Why does iso work in my computer but not in carlos's computer?
bc iso is a seed

😱 Incident: button does not appear
even if you have SVGA,
the continue button might not appear
💊 click on tab, then click on enter key
😱 Incident:
everything is installed,
but the next day, the machine does not boot
❓ why does this happen? we gave the required minimum RAM
💊 give more RAM
😱 Incident: mouse disappears
after when everything is installed, mouse disappears
❓ why does this happen? not enough graphic power
💊 enable 3D acceleration, enable SVGA
mouse only work when minimum requirements are satisfied
so before installing, maybe disable 3D acceleration and SVGA
then after installing, if mouse is gone, enable 3D acceleration and SVGA
😱 Incident: Missing booting system
the .iso file is missing
.iso should be added to the almacenamiento > IDE
😱 Incident: Not fatal error
when the shared folder, the USB was entered last time,
but now the VM cannot find it
so when we have created shared folders
but they cannot get activated bc we forgot to insert the USB
💊 accept the error or insert the USB
if the USB that you insert today is different from the old one
1️⃣ If the USB has changed its letter, no problem
2️⃣ but if the USB has changed its letter,
you will have to delete the old shared folder
and add the new USB as a shared folder
😱 Incident: Graphic interferences
it happens bc of the 2D graphic problems
this problem is not bc of 3D
controller is also VMSVGA, which is also correct
💊 when you have 2D issue, give more video RAM to the VM
💡 Note:
same .iso can behave differently depending on the host

💡 Summary

for installing modern linux in limited computers
1️⃣ creating VM
3D acceleration ⭕️
VMSVGA ⭕️
half of Video RAM
2️⃣ Installing ubuntu .iso
3D acceleration ❌
VMSVGA ❌
we need to weaken the VM
3️⃣ Use ubuntu, but mouse disappears
3D acceleration ⭕️
VMSVGA ⭕️

✅ The installation process is automatic

should run automatically
but sometimes it does not
and you have to click on a button with a red star
this button is for installing
click on the button and install Ubuntu

📌 How to install ubuntu(step 1~9)

(1) language: choose english

(2) accessiblity: for users with difficulty, issues

(3) keymap: always try your keyboard, try to enter smth

(4) internet connection:

internet connetion is recommended for updates,
do not use do not connnect ❌

(5) choose if you want Live Ubtuntu ot install Ubuntu

Try Ubuntu: means Live, do not install, but nothing is saved

(6) choose interactive ⭕️ never automatic installation ❌

automatic is creating partitions by default
if you choose automatic, linux will create only one partition \(root)
we want distro hopping, swap…so no automatic ❌

(7) which apps to start with? choose defualt ⭕️ never extended ❌

extended will put all sorts of apps you do not need

(8) Third party screen

do not install any third party applications
unless you are explicitly told to do so

(9) Type of installation: erase ❌ manual installation ⭕️

option erase: is the same as automatic installation, creating only one partition
choose manual installation

✅ Create partitions in Ubuntu

(1) after choosing manual, enter GNOME4
GNOME4: GPartEd modified for Ubuntu
in GNOME4, you do not have to choose MBR or GPT
bc GNOME4 detects automatically what you need
depending on the BIOS
(2) click on plus to create new partitions

(3) Ubuntu needs 25GB
recommend 10GB for data(home) and 15GB for the kernel

☑️ `/root`

15GB
ext4
Mount point: /

What is mounting in Linux?
- we had to click "automontar" for USBs

✔️ In Linux,
    - partitions,
    - devices(camera),
    - drivers...
    - everything
- is only useable/accessible when it is denominated,
- when it has a nickname

✔️ Mountpoint: nickname for that
- without a mountpoint, you cannot use/access it in Linux

✔️ Mountpoints are predefined
/ : mandatory mountpoint of the kernel
/boot : for booting
/home : for data
/tmp : standard mountpoints for folders that you dedicate to temporal files

☑️ `/boot/efi`

will be created automatically
bc we clicked on efi while creating VM
more or less 1GB will be allocated
FAT32: same as efi system

☑️ `/boot`

500MB
ext4
Mount point: /boot
also would be possible with 300MB,
but as this machine is only for Linux, you can make it bigger

☑️ `/swap`

create the SWAP first, then create the /home
our RAM is 4GB
so swap also 4GB
partition: used as SWAP
⭐️ no Mount point for SWAP

☑️ `/home`

create the SWAP first, then create the /home
normally, /home is left until the end
so that it can have all the remaining space after allocating the SWAP
all the left space 11125MB
ext4
/home
free space is totally until you format it

☑️ final

💡 GRUB

1️⃣ if we have efi
GRUB will be automatically stored in /boot/efi
2️⃣ if we had lecagy BIOS
if we didnt click efi,
then GRUB will be stored in /boot

we need to confirm that the GRUB willl be installed
in the same disk as /boot/efi
as /boot/efi is sda2, the disk that it will be stored is sda
so, GRUB will be stored in sda

📌 continue installing Ubuntu…(step 10~16)

(10) Your full name

name of the installer
not technical name ❌
recommdended: your initials in capital letters
👀 SHPL

✔️ Concept of super user

the installer is an administrator
⚠️ but, NOT the super user
super user is the root user, known as su
and super user is not a phisical user, its a virtual user
the super user has all the permissions
super user can even distroy the administrator
you can take the role of the super user if you want
⚠️ But not recommended
better to be not super user
and ask the super user to do things for you
👉🏻 use sudo... to do things that I do not have permissions for

(11) computer name

my name from above in lower letters - name of computer
in VM, name of computer is VirtualBox
do not modify, leave as default
👀 shpl-VirtualBox

(12) user name = technical name

for login
same as full name, but not capital
this is the technical name
do not modify, leave as default
👀 shpl

(13) password

in the initial installation,
it is typical to choose as inital password as same as logging
so same as technical name
👀 shpl
check Require my password to log in

(14) Do not tick Use Active Directory

(15) Choose timezone

modify it to my timezone

(16) final page

never switch the VM off now
save state: frozen ➡️ big error
you can only use save state
after the message installing the system
freezing the machine now can break the machine
when the installing the system message is over, then you can freeze

and after finishing installation
mandatory to restart

when when you restart
it is mandatory to extract the iso
when you restart,
you will see the full name SHPL
the technical name is secure, will never be shown
when you fill in your password,
then press enter

💡 Graphical issues solution summany

for initial setting use VMSVGA and 3D
if there is a problem with VM installation, and your windows do not appear use VBoxVGA and eliminate 3D
if the mouse disappears, use VBoxSVGA or VMSVGA and 3D
👉🏻 you can toggle the settings, when they do not have a fixed solution
toggle: setting that is not stable, has to be modified depending on the situation

❓ Explain how the graphic toggle works in Ubuntu
- when you first install, use VMSVGA and 3D
- if there is a problem with VM installation, modify the settings to VBoxVGA and disable 3D
- if the mouse disappears, you should use VBoxSVGA or change back to VMSVGA and 3D

(1) Welcome page

(2) Ubuntu Pro: Ubuntu with lots of extra in /opt

do not upgrade now, skip

(3) Improve ubuntu

two ways of making community improve
- (1) not sharing
- (2) sharing only basic feedback: all the /sys errors are sent to the Linux company canonical
- (3) sharing all feedback:
- if we share all the feedback, all the /sys, /prof will be sent to canonical
- in windows, share only basic feedback
- in linux, good practice to share everything

(4) GNOME flavor

Ubuntu 24 has GNOME 4.6
the apps button is a circle now
The first thing that the technician has to do
is search the command terminal
and add to favorites

✔️ Pin the terminal

click on apps
search terminal
right click, pin to dash
when we run in terminal
🟰 it means we are running it in the shell
🟰 which means, all the commands are checked by super user
🆚 if we run outside the terminal
by using visual buttons,
this is for standard users
these buttons are not shell protected ❌
buttons have many less functionalities, for standard users
visual buttons require graphic power
🆚 but the terminal does not require graphic power
🟰 the terminal will always work, even when graphic resources are limited

✔️ The terminal has level 0

the terminal has a run level 0: top priority
so linux always gurarantees
even when all graphics, buttons fail
the terminal will work
If we stop all the run levels greater than 0,
when you are paralyzing all the buttons
which means you can only use the terminal
which means you are limiting the use to only technitians
and limiting standard users

✔️ BASH

Bowne Again SHELL

Bowne: best friend of Linux
in every linux, the command shell is normally named after a person

✔️ Prompt

the commands line is called prompt
technical name @ computer name : my directory $

shpl@shpl-VirtualBox:~$

shpl: technical name
VirtualBox: computer name
~: my personal folder, my portion in /home
$: if I am not superuser
#: if I am useruser
👀 shpl@shpl-VirtualBox:~$
means I have logged in as shpl
who am I? shpl
I am connected to machine VirtualBox
I am located in /home/shpl
and I am not a super user
👀 root@MERCURY:/root#
I am super user
I am connected machined called MERCURY
I am in /root, which is my personal folder as super user
⚠️ If you see #, logout

📌 Guest Addtions installation

once the VM OS is istalled
we should install GA
two ways of installing GA (1) graphic mode and (2) command mode
command mode is recommended
- as graphic mode requires a lots of graphic
- so only follow graphic mode when you do not have graphic issues
- and you can give lots of graphic resources
- VRAM 256MB

❓ Why did you install GA in command mode?
- bc we have to give VRAM of 256MB and we cannot

☑️ Install GA in command mode

(1) Devices > insert guest additions

when you click it, a CD should appear

(2) Write down GA version

the version of the guest addition we are installing might change
bc the GA depends on the iso
so you should keep recrod of the guest addtition
⚠️ this is case sensitive ⚠️
👀 VBox_GAs_7.1.10

(3) Where is my GA?

In which folder the information of CDs are stored?
CDs and USBs are linked in /media
inside the /media, there is a folder for my user
👀 and inside the user folder, the CD will be located
/media/shpl/VBox_GAs_7.1.10

(4) Execute in terminal, run application

then execute from that CD you have inserted
inside the folder /media/shpl/VBox_GAs_7.1.10
the application named VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
you need administration permissions
👉🏻 use sudo and ‼️ add one spacebar ‼️
run sudo /media/shpl/VBox_GAs_7.1.10/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

and everytime you run sudo,
it will ask your password
type for password

(5) 🔴 Will see error packages not included

there are two packages that you need
but that are not included in the GA
the two packages are
- bzip2
- tar
- these two packages are necessary to decompress the GA
- for unzipping the GA
💊 to install two packages
run sudo apt install bzip2 tar
apt is a package of installers
‼️ internet connecetion is neccessary

❓ Why cannot I install the packages?
- bc you do not have internet

❓ What happens if there is no internet connection?
If there is not enough IPs
💊 change to NAT, do not use bridge
apt -get is also possible for installing things
but old fashioned

(6) 🔴 But even after installing the packages, you might get an extra error

🔴 the extra error: gcc make perl packages missing
means the kernel modules are missing
the perl, make, gcc is for creating link
between my kernel and the users servers of the hybrid OS
hybrid OS has kernel + user services(extra commands for extra things)
in order to make users servers work
we need three packages
gcc
make
perl
👉🏻 These three packages are called Kernel modules
💊 install sudo apt install gcc make perl

even if you had it installed
you can install again
no problem

(7) if you have Error with E(optional)

🔴 If you get an error starting with an E
it means you have a weak internet connection
💊 use stronger internet
💊 or download it in another place
💊 change to NAT
or the need of updating your system
💊 update using commands from step 8

(8) After installing smth, update

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
link perfectly all the commands you have just ran

💡 Summary of installing missing packages

sudo apt install bzip2 tar
sudo apt install gcc make perl
bzip tar is for decompressing GA
gcc make perl is for linking to the kernel
when we download the GA
we download basic version in kernel
then we download optional repositories
then after installing
run update and upgrade
update and upgrade create link/dependencies between commands

📌 continue Guest Addtions installation…

(8) restart/reboot the system

sometimes you get a reminder to restart
but after installing everything, just restart
sudo reboot

(9) Now, retry the installation of the GA

sometimes you have to install two times
bc of missing dependencies/links

(10) test 1: Test GA

GA can do three things
- Host + F
- shared folders for USB between VM and RM
- Bidirectional

with Host+F, maximize the window
and make screenshot with Host+E
full screen with Host+F

🔴 if when taking screenshot, the screen blinks, and gives you problems
💊 then give more Video RAM
if not possible, you already gave maximum Video RAM
change the graphical controller
most probably, downgrade the graphic controller, without S

(11) test 2-1: Test shared folders

you need to have USB that is considered a shared folder
In linux to use shared folders
you need to add your user to the group of users who can share folders
👀 If you want to play video games, you need to add your user to the group of users who can play videogames
👉🏻 In linux, permissions are always indirect
to get a permission in linux,
you need to get added to the group of ppl who already have the permission
need to ask sudo to help you get added
sudo adduser shpl vboxsf
vboxsf: group of users who can already use shared folders
if adding your user to vboxsf does not work,
it is bc you failed to install GA

(12) restart/reboot the system

sudo reboot

(13) test 2-2: check if shared folders work

if I was in 1️⃣ graphics mode, and graphics worked
I can check it by clicking on the files icon in the left bar
shared folder starts with sf
if you are in 2️⃣ commands mode,
enter cd /media
and check if your shared folder is there
then list the content of the directory ls
check if your shared folder is there
and enter it cd sh_G_DRIVE
and list the content using ls

(16) Once everything works, turn off the machine

we want to take a shapshot
switch the machine off
for switching off, now that you have the OS,
use the switch off button!

(15) Once everything works, take a shapshot

make sure the machine is off
change the name of shapshot
Ubuntu Fresh install with GA

//2ga 14

(16) Deploy the VM to another host

deploy the VM
do not use .ova
sohee: copy the VM folder to a USB to E:/
sohee: create an access to that USB
cesar: an create the access to the USB in C:/
cesar: Macina > nueva >
- name: same as sohee
- folder: and create VBox folder inside C:/
- hardware: corresponding to new host, cesar’s computer
- vdi: do not create, use the existing one
- and navigate to sohee’s USB, E:/

DAW bilingual, Computer System

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