5.1 Linux OS Structure

✅ Evolution and distros of Linux

• in linux, it is not called version
• called evolution and distro

✅ Hybrid OS

• Linux is a hybrid
• kernel of linux does important stuff + extras(users servers)
• extras are called users servers
• users servers can be deactivated

❓ Why would I deactivate users servers in linux?
- bc I need to save resources

☑️ Hybrid system in Linux is circular

• not square ❌

• linux hybrid system is circular

• ✔️ Kernel
• 👍🏻 extra security level in Linux
• linux kernel is protected
• by an extra application called shell
• if the users want to execute smth
• the shell needs to give permission

• red: kernel
• gray: shell

• colorful: commands of user applications

• ✔️ Linux Shell

• surrouding the kernel

• ✔️ User applications

✅ Evolution of Linux

✔️ Multix

• origin OS of Linux
• OS that was installed in a computer that was called main frame
• multi: multi, several users

⭐️ main frame: huge computer for multiple users
- not personal computers, for several users
- users are connected to the main frame
- through the console

- company named Bell Labs had the main frame

• two students wanted to use the main frame for using video games
• created a new OS, called Unix

✔️ Unix

• as seen in the name, u stands for unique
• for one, unique user
• specialized in graphics

• they wanted to play video games

• 👎🏻 very expensive

• only the univerisities could afford unix

• unix becames popular
• one computer systems teacher decided to create a demo version of unix
• created a mini version, just for his class
• called minix

✔️ Minix

• used for teaching unix in that class
• one student in the class to make the system free

✔️ Linux

• the student name was linux

• created a free version of that mini OS

• the student decided to take the penguin, called Tux
• as a symbol of linux
• all the webpages that has the word TUX means official linux errors pages
• expert of Linux

✔️ GNU

• a group of ppl thought computing should be free
• that group was called GNU
• General Not Unix

• means asking for free unix

• in every application you see a gnu(animal),
• you are indicating that,
• that application is free of charge

• 👉🏻 The official name is GNU/LINUX

✅ Names of Linux

• traditionally, new versions of linux
• have a name that shows identity of the new version

✅ Sign to use Linux

• although linux is free

• need to sign a contract, GPL

• ⭐️ GPL: General Public Licence
• you are signing
• you promise that you will not make profit of anything based on linux
• and if you create a new version of yours
• you can only asks for donations
• and if someone donates you, you need to tell what you will do with that donation

✅ Distro of Linux

• ✔️ Gentoo: para gente, customizable, flexible linux, you can change everything about this linux distro
• ✔️ Debian: very stable distro of linux
• ✔️ Ubuntu: very stable, fast, easy to use and install

• linux is using balancing
• official coaching tools for linux

• several aspects for taking into account for evaluating linux

• somme of them are not totally free
• they cannot charge for the kernel
• but they charge for utilities

✅ Evaluate Linux

• easiness of installation
• hardware needs
• desktop aspects
• management of documents
• if it is customizable
• if there is a good community support
• package: if you have to download many files, or you just have to download one
• cutting edge: digital barrier, is it difficult to understand?
• slow, fast, insecure