3.12 Conclusion_Perfect installation plan

✅ WHat is a Perfect plan?

1️⃣ It must get adapted to different user types: Dual booting Lin-Win

2️⃣ It must allow version hopping or distrohopping
have data separated from the OS
👍🏻 You can change OS without losing information

3️⃣ It must allow interaction between OOSS: tunneling
common channel between both OS

4️⃣ No matter the circumstances, the system must work
Linux will boot windows
But just incase you uninstall Linux, make windows independent
💊 Create booting for windows too, do not rely on linux. Maybe oneday you want to uninstall Linux

• ➡️ If we follow this plan, disks will be adaptative

✅ Steps on installation

1️⃣ Check your specs, limits

• use commands

• use CPU-Z

• check the following

• check motherboard architecture
• check BIOS, UEFI

2️⃣ Use GPartEd in order to create the partitions manually

• do not use nextmode

💡 Conclusion

3️⃣ Install each OS

💡 General Rule

• need to install windows first
• then linux second

• linux repsects windows, but not viceversa

• (⭐️ exam question)
• for win+win
• install old version first
• new second
• new over old
• 7 ➡️ 8 ➡️ 9 ➡️ 10

4️⃣ Install Bootstrap Loader

• create the menu
• if you did things in order, the linux gives you the order automatically
• name of the menu in linux: GRUB

• (⭐️ exam question)
• in a win+win
• you need to add the menu manually
• you need an external program to create the menu
• use Windows Boot Manager(winload.exe)
• or BCEdit(BCEdit.exe)

5️⃣ Format GRUB

• decorate your menu

• add company/customer logos…

• (1) change the wallpaper of the menu
• (2) choose the OS by default
• (3) waiting time: how much we will wait before booting the OS

❓ What happens if waiting time to 0 seconds?
- fast booting
- we will not see the menu(bootstrap loader)

🛠️ when you want to hide the expert OS
so clients cannot go into other OS

⭐️ Important!

• all the partitions that need to exist
• in all the possible situations
• in order to have a perfect disk

• 🔴 mandatory partitions
• 🔵 recommended partitions

legacy ❤️ windows

• all partitions are NTFS

• ✔️ two mandatory partitions:

  • 1️⃣ MSR:
    • for booting windows if Linux is uninstalled, windows will boot independantly, NTFS, Primary, contain booting files, needs to be 300MB
    • in windows 32, MSR is not necassary -2️⃣ C:: kernel of the system, NTFS

• ✔️ recommended partition:

  • for data: for version-hopping, NTFS
• Note 1: in window 32 bits, MSR partition is not necassary
• Note 2: this is the case of legacy ❤️ GPT

UEFI ❤️ windows

• ✔️ three mandatory partitions:

  • 1️⃣ MSR: for booting windows independently, needs to be 16MB
  • 2️⃣ C:: kernel, NTFS
  • 3️⃣ ESP: (EFI System Partition), must be FAT32, only partition in the Windows universe that is NOT NTFS
  • bc if it was NTFS, windows would set a letter
  • then the user can think he can use it, save files inside
  • so the system makes it FAT32
  • so that it does not have a letter, so that users do not access
  • to avoid letters, to avoid users from touching
• Note 1: in automatic mode, there will be a recovery partition

• windows create recovery partition only in UEFI

• ✔️ recommended partition:
  • for data: for version-hopping, NTFS

legacy ❤️ Linux

• ✔️ only one mandatory partition:
• it is called /, which is the root of Linux
• because Linux can boot from its root

• linux does not need a boot partition, it can boot from the root

• ✔️ three recommended partitions:
• 1️⃣ partition /boot: if the disk is very big
• it can help booting when the disk is big
• what is a big disk? A disk bigger than 150GB
• so when we have a big disk, recommended to create a /boot partition
• the /boot disk should be 200~500MB, in the format of ext4

• and when you create it, the menu(GRUB) will be saved inside the /boot

• 2️⃣ partition SWAP is also recommended
• SWAP: part of HD to help the RAM

• the size of SWAP should be…

  • if the RAM is smaller than 4GB, SWAP size should be double the size of RAM
  • if the RAM is 4GB, the SWAP size should also be 4GB
  • if the RAM is bigger than 4GB, SWAP size should be half of the RAM size.
• 3️⃣ partition /home for the data

• this enables distro hopping

• Note 1: In automatic mode(next mode), linux will only create the mandatory partition, the root partition
• Note 2: same if you are using Legacy with GPT

UEFI ❤️ Linux GPT

• ✔️ mandatory partition:
• 1️⃣ root /

• 2️⃣ EFI Patition

  • 300MB
  • format: EFI system, something we have never seen!(NOT FAT32, NOT ext2)
  • this partition contains the GRUB
• ✔️ optional partitons:
• can create /boot: you can enable other booting options
• also SWAP
• also /home

If So Hee has a legacy BIOS, and she wants a lin-win,
how many partitions must she have at least?

- 2 mandatory from Windows(booting windows, windows kernel)
- 1 mandatory from Linux(linux kernel)
- in total: she needs 3 partitions

If So Hee has a legacy BIOS, and she wants a lin-win,
how many partitions are recommended?
- 2 mandatory, 1 recommended from Windows
- 1 mandatory, 3 recommended from Linux
- in total: 7 partitions

If So Hee has a legacy BIOS, and she wants a lin-win,
what should she add when she wants to communicate between linux and windows?
- tunneling