2.1 Hardware and Software

📌 Operating System

• software to help standard users manage/use the computer without interfering/thinking of hardware
• software between hardware and software works, and helps users use hardware
• interface between users(real world) and computer(machine world)

• manages/controls/administrator of my computer

• saved in secondary memory(HDD or SSD)

☑️ OS has four functions

1️⃣ File management, gestion de archivos

• managed closed files only, saved in secondary memory
• as OS and closed files are both in secondary memory, this is an easy job for the OS

2️⃣ RAM management 🟰 Memory management

• when file is opened, and uploaded on the RAM
• upload on RAM and called process

3️⃣ Process Management

• how to distribute timing among the different processes

4️⃣ Interruptions management

• when processes run, and temperature becomes too hot, OS would interfere

✅ Levels of software

• All software can be divided into 4 different levels

1️⃣ Low Level SW

• machine code
• 0 and 1s

2️⃣ System/Base SW

• software that acts as an interface with a machine
• example: OS, Drivers

3️⃣ Programming SW

• applications for programming
• example: IDE with GUIs, visual studio

4️⃣ Application SW

• software of the users
• example: google maps

❓ How do you call the SW that acts as an interface?
- System/Base SW

✅ Timeline of Operating Systems

• ✔️ EXEC
• appeared in ’60s

• improved into Microsoft and UNIX

• ✔️ MS-DOS
• Microsoft Disk OS
• first OS created by Microsoft
• used commands
• not visual

• very technical, not for standard users

• ✔️ Windows
• Microsoft created OS that can reach standard users
• has easy-to-understand windows to run commands

• visual

• ✔️ Windows 3.11
• first digital barrier
• 💡 digital barrier: digital development that breaks society in two groups
• divided ppl into ppl with windows 3.11 and ppl without
• if you had windows 3.11, you were considered high-tech

• ppl without windows 3.11 were considered low level tech professional

• ✔️ More Window OS
• Windows 95, 98, 2000, Millenium
• Effect 2000
• With 2000 and Windows Millenium, ppl started feeling that they are spending too much money on Microsoft
• bc ppl had to buy two OS in one year, as Microsoft was releasing two per year
• Windows vista: very visual, but very slow
• Windows XP: very good OS
• Windows 7: very bad version
• Windows 8: very bad version
• Windows 10: perfct

• Windows 11:

• Microsoft was releasing every year a new OS
• and collapsing the market with too many produts in a very short time

• they were trying to sell so much

• ↔️ In the meanwhile, UNIX appereared
• Unix improved into Linux
• Linux was free, more stable(no new version every year), not changing for a long time
• So technician changed to Linux, while standard public stayed w Windows

💡 Tech rules

💡 Rule number one.

• Technicians should NOT create digital barriers
• should not break society into classes
• when technology should be global

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