Tipo De Datos, Literal, Operador, Conversiones

✅ Tipo De Datos

• byte: 8bit
• short: 16bit
• int: 32bit
• long: 64bit
• float: 32bit
• double: 64bit
• Char: 16bit

✅ Literal

fixed value written directly in code

int x = 10; //integer literal
String name = "Alice"; //String literal
boolean flag - true; //boolean literal

✅ La Constant

datos que nuca varían, no va poder ser modificado nunca

• se declaran en mayúscula

final (static) double PI = 3.141592;

int a = 10;  //10 -> literal, a -> variable
a = 20; //variable changed

final int b = 30; //30 -> literal b -> constant
b = 40; //❌ Error, cannot assign value to constant final

• a: variable
• 10, 20, 30, 40: literal
• final: constant

✅ XOR

• ^
• a^b

1️⃣ XOR in integers

int A = 5;    // binary: 0101
int B = 3;    // binary: 0011
int result = A ^ B;

   0101   (5)
^  0011   (3)
---------
   0110   (6)
   // result = 6

2️⃣ XOR in boolean

• only when one is true, result is true

boolean A = true;
boolean B = false;
System.out.println(A ^ B); // true
System.out.println(A ^ true); // false

✅ Shift operators

<<

• left shift, empty right is filled with 0s

int a = 5;       // binary: 0000 0101
int result = a << 1;

0000 0101   (5)
<< 1
---------
0000 1010   (10)

• a^n = a * 2^n
• equivale a num = num * 2

>>

• signed right shift
• leftmost bit is copied, preserve the number

int a = 20;      // binary: 0001 0100
int result = a >> 2;

0001 0100  (20)
>> 2
0000 0101  (5)

• Divides by 2 for each shift right
• equivale a num = num / 2

>>>

• shift right
• but fill left with 0s

✅ Operador

int i=1;
int z;

z = 5 + i++; //z=6
z = 5 + i;
i++;

z= 5 + ++i; //7
i++;
z = 5 + i;

✅ Conversiones, Casting

1. Conversiones implicitas

• la variable destino tenga más precisión que la variable origen

int x = 5;
double y;

y = x;
//possible, double > int

int x ;
double y = 5.3;

x = y;
//not possible, double > int

1. Conversiones explicitas = casting

int x ;
double y = 5.3;

x = (int) y;
//now possible
// x = 5 , trunca

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